Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15-2017/18. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Our results signified the diversity of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds in the rind of six cultivated sugarcane and highlighted the promising phytocompounds that can be extracted, isolated, and utilized by the pharmacological industry. Interestingly, the rind extract from YT71/210 and F172 showed maximum antioxidant activity followed by ROC22. The rind of F172, ROC22, and YT71/210 showed the highest total contents of alkaloids, whereas the rind of ROC16 revealed a minimum level. Additionally, we have characterized the biosynthesis pathway of sugarcane alkaloids. The hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the ROC22, Taitang172 (F172), and Yuetang71/210 (YT71/210) varieties were quite similar in alkaloids composition as compared to other sugarcane varieties. Some phytocompounds such as choline and acetylcholine (non-alkaloids compounds) were the highest in the rind of ROC22 and Yuetang93/159 (YT93/159), respectively. Four alkaloids such as trigonelline, piperidine, 3-Indoleacrylic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are abundantly found in sugarcane rind and these compounds have promising pharmaceutical value. Some alkaloids such as 3-indoleacrylic acid, N,N-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine, tryptamine, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are identified the first time in sugarcane rind. Among them, 31 compounds were novel and reported the first time in sugarcane. In this study, we identified 40 compounds in total (including 8 alkaloids, 24 non-alkaloids, and 8 others) by using LC-MS/MS approach, from the rind of cultivated sugarcane varieties. Secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins are studied, but few reports focus on the identification of alkaloids and non-alkaloids phytocompounds in sugarcane. Sugarcane provides enormous secondary metabolites for the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Herein, this work is a comprehensive revision from the Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases on the recent information (2010–2019) regarding plant-derived alkaloids, their structural classification and bioactive properties. Currently, several alkaloids have served as models for modern drugs, and there are several alkaloids used in pharmacology, such as codeine, brucine, morphine, ephedrine, and quinine. Traditionally, plant alkaloids have played a pivotal role in folk medicines since ancient times as purgatives, antitussives, sedatives, and treatments for a wide variety of ailments. Alkaloids can be derived from several biosynthetic pathways, such as the shikimate pathway the ornithine, lysine, and nicotinic acid pathway the histidine and purine pathway and the terpenoid and polyketide pathway. However, for their study, alkaloids can be classified depending on their chemical structure, biochemical origin, and/or natural origin. The widespread distribution of alkaloids along with their wide array of structures makes their classification often difficult. Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing natural products found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants with complex and diverse structures.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |